See twierdzić on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "twierdzić"
},
"expansion": "Polish: twierdzić",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: twierdzić"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "twiyrdzić"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: twiyrdzić",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: twiyrdzić"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tvьrditi",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tvьrditi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tvьrditi"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tvьrditi",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "twardy",
"3": "-ić"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, twardy + -ić",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tvьrditi. By surface analysis, twardy + -ić.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "twierdzić impf",
"name": "zlw-opl-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ćwirdza"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "twardy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1972 [15th century], Józef Reczek, Wacław Twardzik, editors, Najstarsze staropolskie tłumaczenie ortyli magdeburskich wg rkpsu nr 50, pages 39, 1:",
"text": "Gdy Otho... myszlyl o tem, kakoby thy ludzye... [nawrocił] ku dusznemv *krzesczyanszkymv prawu, na to czwyerdzyl nasze myastha (ad id civitatem nostram firmavit) y postawyl byszkupa ku duchownemv prawu",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1874-1891 [1449], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXV, page 166:",
"text": "Swaczcze, twerdcze w[a]szych serczoch (dominum autem Christum sanctificate in cordibus vestris I Petr 3, 15)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to firm, to harden, to strengthen, to fortify"
],
"id": "en-twierdzić-zlw-opl-verb-55pexxF~",
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
],
[
"fortify",
"fortify"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "silnić"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1915 [XV med.], Jan Łoś, editor, Przegląd językowych zabytków staropolskich do r. 1543, page 513:",
"text": "Czwerdzymy szya animatur",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to strengthen (to become stronger, to gain strength)"
],
"id": "en-twierdzić-zlw-opl-verb-uB3YLk8Q",
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Old_Polish"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to strengthen (to become stronger, to gain strength)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1874-1891 [1466], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, Łęczyca, page 16:",
"text": "Lupus id, gl. pacem, firmat, gl. confirmat czwyrdzy, obside firmat ouis",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to confirm"
],
"id": "en-twierdzić-zlw-opl-verb-g5GO1rxP",
"links": [
[
"confirm",
"confirm"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca) to confirm"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "poświadczać"
},
{
"word": "przymawiać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 7 7 66 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 5 73 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms suffixed with -ić",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 7 7 59 9 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 4 73 6 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1895 [Fifteenth century], Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich. Kodeks Działyńskich I, Lesser Poland, page 10:",
"text": "[D]latego ysze synowie z oczczem gedną krwyą są spoyeny..., przeto czwyrdzimi (statuimus)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to decide, to order"
],
"id": "en-twierdzić-zlw-opl-verb-krNkU9wO",
"links": [
[
"decide",
"decide"
],
[
"order",
"order"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) to decide, to order"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obrzędzać"
},
{
"word": "skazować"
},
{
"word": "uchwalać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 35:",
"text": "Domyenik swyadeczstwo przerzeczonego Iakvba... moczno a wstawnye czwyrdzyl (asseruit) bycz nyegodne",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to affirm, to state"
],
"id": "en-twierdzić-zlw-opl-verb-8WW-c~EW",
"links": [
[
"affirm",
"affirm"
],
[
"state",
"state"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia) to affirm, to state"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tfjɛ(ː)rd͡ʑit͡ɕ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/tfjɛrd͡ʑit͡ɕ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/tfjerd͡ʑit͡ɕ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ćwirdzić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ćwierdzić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "twirdzić"
}
],
"word": "twierdzić"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "potwierdzić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "potwierdzać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przytwierdzić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przytwierdzać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "stwierdzić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "stwierdzać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "utwierdzić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "utwierdzać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zatwierdzić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zatwierdzać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "twierdzić",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish twierdzić",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "twierdzić"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish twierdzić",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "twardy",
"3": "-ić"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, twardy + -ić",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish twierdzić. By surface analysis, twardy + -ić.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-conj-ai-ić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzimy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzisz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzicie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzą",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzi się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzono",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdzić się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzilibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzilibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzono by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech twierdzę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdźmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdź",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdźcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech twierdzi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech twierdzą",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdząca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdząc",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzenie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "twierdzić impf",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"twier‧dzić"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "twier",
"2": "dz",
"imp": "twierdź"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai-ić"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "twierdzić",
"2": "twierdzę",
"3": "twierdzi",
"4": "twierdzą",
"5": "twierdzi",
"6": "twierdzi",
"7": "twierdzi",
"8": "twierdź",
"ip": "twierdzono",
"pp": "",
"pp2": "",
"vn": "twierdzenie"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ić",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Thinking",
"orig": "pl:Thinking",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to claim (to state a new fact)"
],
"id": "en-twierdzić-pl-verb-5z9a8EA4",
"links": [
[
"claim",
"claim"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to claim (to state a new fact)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Thinking",
"orig": "pl:Thinking",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to maintain"
],
"id": "en-twierdzić-pl-verb-t-ZvLBOc",
"links": [
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to maintain"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtfjɛr.d͡ʑit͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrd͡ʑit͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "twierdzić"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish imperfective verbs",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms suffixed with -ić",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"pl:Thinking"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "twierdzić"
},
"expansion": "Polish: twierdzić",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: twierdzić"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "twiyrdzić"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: twiyrdzić",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: twiyrdzić"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tvьrditi",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tvьrditi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tvьrditi"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tvьrditi",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "twardy",
"3": "-ić"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, twardy + -ić",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tvьrditi. By surface analysis, twardy + -ić.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "twierdzić impf",
"name": "zlw-opl-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "ćwirdza"
},
{
"word": "twardy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1972 [15th century], Józef Reczek, Wacław Twardzik, editors, Najstarsze staropolskie tłumaczenie ortyli magdeburskich wg rkpsu nr 50, pages 39, 1:",
"text": "Gdy Otho... myszlyl o tem, kakoby thy ludzye... [nawrocił] ku dusznemv *krzesczyanszkymv prawu, na to czwyerdzyl nasze myastha (ad id civitatem nostram firmavit) y postawyl byszkupa ku duchownemv prawu",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1874-1891 [1449], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXV, page 166:",
"text": "Swaczcze, twerdcze w[a]szych serczoch (dominum autem Christum sanctificate in cordibus vestris I Petr 3, 15)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to firm, to harden, to strengthen, to fortify"
],
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
],
[
"fortify",
"fortify"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "silnić"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish reflexive verbs",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1915 [XV med.], Jan Łoś, editor, Przegląd językowych zabytków staropolskich do r. 1543, page 513:",
"text": "Czwerdzymy szya animatur",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to strengthen (to become stronger, to gain strength)"
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Old_Polish"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to strengthen (to become stronger, to gain strength)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1874-1891 [1466], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, Łęczyca, page 16:",
"text": "Lupus id, gl. pacem, firmat, gl. confirmat czwyrdzy, obside firmat ouis",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to confirm"
],
"links": [
[
"confirm",
"confirm"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca) to confirm"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "poświadczać"
},
{
"word": "przymawiać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1895 [Fifteenth century], Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich. Kodeks Działyńskich I, Lesser Poland, page 10:",
"text": "[D]latego ysze synowie z oczczem gedną krwyą są spoyeny..., przeto czwyrdzimi (statuimus)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to decide, to order"
],
"links": [
[
"decide",
"decide"
],
[
"order",
"order"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) to decide, to order"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obrzędzać"
},
{
"word": "skazować"
},
{
"word": "uchwalać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 35:",
"text": "Domyenik swyadeczstwo przerzeczonego Iakvba... moczno a wstawnye czwyrdzyl (asseruit) bycz nyegodne",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to affirm, to state"
],
"links": [
[
"affirm",
"affirm"
],
[
"state",
"state"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia) to affirm, to state"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tfjɛ(ː)rd͡ʑit͡ɕ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/tfjɛrd͡ʑit͡ɕ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/tfjerd͡ʑit͡ɕ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ćwirdzić"
},
{
"word": "ćwierdzić"
},
{
"word": "twirdzić"
}
],
"word": "twierdzić"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish imperfective verbs",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ić",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish verbs",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛrd͡ʑit͡ɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛrd͡ʑit͡ɕ/2 syllables",
"pl:Thinking"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "potwierdzić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "potwierdzać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przytwierdzić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przytwierdzać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "stwierdzić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "stwierdzać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "utwierdzić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "utwierdzać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zatwierdzić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zatwierdzać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "twierdzić",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish twierdzić",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "twierdzić"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish twierdzić",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "twardy",
"3": "-ić"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, twardy + -ić",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish twierdzić. By surface analysis, twardy + -ić.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-conj-ai-ić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzimy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzisz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzicie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzą",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzi się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzono",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą twierdzić",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie twierdzić się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzilibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzilibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by twierdził",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by twierdziła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by twierdziło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by twierdzili",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdziłyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by twierdziły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzono by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech twierdzę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdźmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdź",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdźcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech twierdzi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech twierdzą",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdząca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdząc",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "twierdzenie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "twierdzić impf",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"twier‧dzić"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "twier",
"2": "dz",
"imp": "twierdź"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai-ić"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "twierdzić",
"2": "twierdzę",
"3": "twierdzi",
"4": "twierdzą",
"5": "twierdzi",
"6": "twierdzi",
"7": "twierdzi",
"8": "twierdź",
"ip": "twierdzono",
"pp": "",
"pp2": "",
"vn": "twierdzenie"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to claim (to state a new fact)"
],
"links": [
[
"claim",
"claim"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to claim (to state a new fact)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to maintain"
],
"links": [
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to maintain"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtfjɛr.d͡ʑit͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrd͡ʑit͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "twierdzić"
}
Download raw JSONL data for twierdzić meaning in All languages combined (19.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca",
"path": [
"twierdzić"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "twierdzić",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca",
"path": [
"twierdzić"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "twierdzić",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.